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290 HISTORY OF MARYLAND.
We have seen that the Susquehannough Indians began hostilities against
the whites from the time that the latter undertook to check their incursions against the Yoamacoes and the friendly tribes of Piscataway and
Patuxent. In this desultory warfare the Indians got the worst; and in 1652,
at the earnest desire of the Susquehannoughs, a treaty of peace was concluded
on all sides. By this time this powerful and warlike tribe had been reduced
to 700 warriors, but with the assistance of the colonists they still successfully
resisted their ancient enemies, the Senecas and Cayugas. But the small-pox
broke out among them in 1661, sweeping away more than half their numbers,
and they could no longer make head against their foes, and begged the protection of the whites. On the 28th of April, the assembly ordered the
governor to raise what force he could for the assistance of the Susquehannoughs "against the Ciniquo [Seneca] or Nayssone Indians that have lately
killed some English at Patapsco river."1
In 1663, the relations with the Susquehannoughs being unsatisfactory, the
governor appointed commissioners to negotiate a treaty with them, which was
concluded with " Wastahandow, chief general and councillor of the Susquehannough nation," and in 1666, the following general treaty of peace was'
concluded with various tribes, which we subjoin in full as a specimen of early
colonial diplomacy.
"Articles of Peace and Amity concluded and agreed upon between the Bight
Honorable Lord and^Proprietor of the Province of Maryland and Avalon, Lord Baron of
Baltimore, and the Indians of Piscattaway, Anacostanck, Doags, Mikikewomans, Manas-
guesend, Mattawomans, Chingwanateick, Mangemaick,Port Tobackes, Oacayo, Pangayo,
and Choptiko, the 20th day of April, 1666.
" 1. The forenamed Indians now ratify and confirm, acknowledge and declare the
sole power of constituting and appointing the Emperor of Piscattaway to be and remain
in the Right Honorable Caecilius, Lord and Proprietor of this Province, and his heirs, Lords
and Proprietaries of this Province, and do desire the Governor, with what convenient
speed he can, to appoint an Emperor in the place of Wahacasso the Second, late deceased.
" 2. If an Indian kill an Englishman, he shall die for it.
" 3. Forasmuch as the English cannot easily distinguish one Indian from another, that
no Indian shall come into any English plantation painted; and that all the Indians shall
be bound to call aloud before they come within three hundred paces of any Englishman's
clear ground, and lay clown their arms, whither gun, bow and arrows, or any other
weapon, for any Englishman that shall appear upon his call to take up; and in case that
any one appear, he shall there leave his said arms if he come nearer, and that afterwards
he shall by calling aloud endeavor to give notice to the English of his nearer approach;
and if any Englishman shall kill any Indian that shall come unpainted and give such
notice and deliver up his arms as aforesaid, he shall die for it, as well' as an Indian that
kills an Englishman; and in case the English and Indians meet accidentally in the woods
every Indian shall be bound immediately to throw down his arms upon call; and in case
any Indian so meeting an Englishman shall refuse to throw down his arms upon call,
he shall be deemed as an enemy.
" 4. The privilege of hunting, crabbing, fishing, and fowling, shall be preserved to the
Indians inviolably.
1 There was a tribe of Indians at this time, called the Mattawas, inhabiting the lands near
Baltimore.
| Title | History of Maryland - 1 |
| Creator | Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas) |
| Publisher | J. B. Piet |
| Place of Publication | Baltimore |
| Date | 1879 |
| Language | eng |
| Type | Books/Pamphlets |
| Title | 00000317 |
| Type | Books/Pamphlets |
| Transcript | 290 HISTORY OF MARYLAND. We have seen that the Susquehannough Indians began hostilities against the whites from the time that the latter undertook to check their incursions against the Yoamacoes and the friendly tribes of Piscataway and Patuxent. In this desultory warfare the Indians got the worst; and in 1652, at the earnest desire of the Susquehannoughs, a treaty of peace was concluded on all sides. By this time this powerful and warlike tribe had been reduced to 700 warriors, but with the assistance of the colonists they still successfully resisted their ancient enemies, the Senecas and Cayugas. But the small-pox broke out among them in 1661, sweeping away more than half their numbers, and they could no longer make head against their foes, and begged the protection of the whites. On the 28th of April, the assembly ordered the governor to raise what force he could for the assistance of the Susquehannoughs "against the Ciniquo [Seneca] or Nayssone Indians that have lately killed some English at Patapsco river."1 In 1663, the relations with the Susquehannoughs being unsatisfactory, the governor appointed commissioners to negotiate a treaty with them, which was concluded with " Wastahandow, chief general and councillor of the Susquehannough nation," and in 1666, the following general treaty of peace was' concluded with various tribes, which we subjoin in full as a specimen of early colonial diplomacy. "Articles of Peace and Amity concluded and agreed upon between the Bight Honorable Lord and^Proprietor of the Province of Maryland and Avalon, Lord Baron of Baltimore, and the Indians of Piscattaway, Anacostanck, Doags, Mikikewomans, Manas- guesend, Mattawomans, Chingwanateick, Mangemaick,Port Tobackes, Oacayo, Pangayo, and Choptiko, the 20th day of April, 1666. " 1. The forenamed Indians now ratify and confirm, acknowledge and declare the sole power of constituting and appointing the Emperor of Piscattaway to be and remain in the Right Honorable Caecilius, Lord and Proprietor of this Province, and his heirs, Lords and Proprietaries of this Province, and do desire the Governor, with what convenient speed he can, to appoint an Emperor in the place of Wahacasso the Second, late deceased. " 2. If an Indian kill an Englishman, he shall die for it. " 3. Forasmuch as the English cannot easily distinguish one Indian from another, that no Indian shall come into any English plantation painted; and that all the Indians shall be bound to call aloud before they come within three hundred paces of any Englishman's clear ground, and lay clown their arms, whither gun, bow and arrows, or any other weapon, for any Englishman that shall appear upon his call to take up; and in case that any one appear, he shall there leave his said arms if he come nearer, and that afterwards he shall by calling aloud endeavor to give notice to the English of his nearer approach; and if any Englishman shall kill any Indian that shall come unpainted and give such notice and deliver up his arms as aforesaid, he shall die for it, as well' as an Indian that kills an Englishman; and in case the English and Indians meet accidentally in the woods every Indian shall be bound immediately to throw down his arms upon call; and in case any Indian so meeting an Englishman shall refuse to throw down his arms upon call, he shall be deemed as an enemy. " 4. The privilege of hunting, crabbing, fishing, and fowling, shall be preserved to the Indians inviolably. 1 There was a tribe of Indians at this time, called the Mattawas, inhabiting the lands near Baltimore. |
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