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80
THE OCEAN.
amines on a map the position of the great centres of trade. Havana and
New Orleans, two principal markets' of the Antilles and Mississippi States
are, so to say, at the source of the Gulf Stream. New York is situated
facing the principal bend of this current, at the spot where the vast river
flowing from the Antilles bends toward Europe. Finally, Liverpool,
among so many other considerable ports washed by the Gulf Stream on
its arrival at the coasts of the Old World, is the one which is most directly in the path of its waters.
When Franklin discovered, in 1775, that the mariner has only to plunge
a thermometer in the water of the Atlantic to discover if he is sailing
over the Gulf Stream or outside its course, the illustrious savant immediately perceived the importance of this fact for navigation. He even
thought for a long time he must conceal it, from a fear that the English
Government, then at war with the American Colonies, would profit by
this discovery to send ships and men more rapidly against the revolted
provinces. After the definite establishment of American Independence,
no peril of this kind being any longer to be feared, all navigators were
enabled for the future to know precisely the high-road which they had
to follow in the open sea to reach Europe most expeditiously from America, and what particular line to avoid in order to effect the journey in an
opposite direction. Toward the middle of the last century, the whalers
£0° 20°
20° 10°
Janei tea
Fig. 23.—Route of Steam-packets, after Maury.
of Nantucket and the skippers of Rhode Island had already, from experience, come to choose two different routes for going and returning. In
order to "descend" on England, they allowed themselves to be carried
with the Gulf Stream, and on their return crossed this current at the
Banks of Newfoundland, and " mounted " the Arctic counter-current ;*
on these voyages they distanced vessels from other sea-ports on an average by 74 miles per day. The progress of navigation permits us now to
* J. G. Kohl, Geschichte des Golfstroms, p. 103.
| Title | The ocean, atmosphere, and life |
| Creator | Reclus, Elisée |
| Publisher | Harper |
| Place of Publication | New York |
| Date | 1873 |
| Language | eng |
| Type | Books/Pamphlets |
| Title | 00000091 |
| Type | Books/Pamphlets |
| Transcript | 80 THE OCEAN. amines on a map the position of the great centres of trade. Havana and New Orleans, two principal markets' of the Antilles and Mississippi States are, so to say, at the source of the Gulf Stream. New York is situated facing the principal bend of this current, at the spot where the vast river flowing from the Antilles bends toward Europe. Finally, Liverpool, among so many other considerable ports washed by the Gulf Stream on its arrival at the coasts of the Old World, is the one which is most directly in the path of its waters. When Franklin discovered, in 1775, that the mariner has only to plunge a thermometer in the water of the Atlantic to discover if he is sailing over the Gulf Stream or outside its course, the illustrious savant immediately perceived the importance of this fact for navigation. He even thought for a long time he must conceal it, from a fear that the English Government, then at war with the American Colonies, would profit by this discovery to send ships and men more rapidly against the revolted provinces. After the definite establishment of American Independence, no peril of this kind being any longer to be feared, all navigators were enabled for the future to know precisely the high-road which they had to follow in the open sea to reach Europe most expeditiously from America, and what particular line to avoid in order to effect the journey in an opposite direction. Toward the middle of the last century, the whalers £0° 20° 20° 10° Janei tea Fig. 23.—Route of Steam-packets, after Maury. of Nantucket and the skippers of Rhode Island had already, from experience, come to choose two different routes for going and returning. In order to "descend" on England, they allowed themselves to be carried with the Gulf Stream, and on their return crossed this current at the Banks of Newfoundland, and " mounted " the Arctic counter-current ;* on these voyages they distanced vessels from other sea-ports on an average by 74 miles per day. The progress of navigation permits us now to * J. G. Kohl, Geschichte des Golfstroms, p. 103. |
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